Theologian · 354 – 430

Augustine of Hippo

If you're interested in Augustine of Hippo, these historical figures share a similar impact, discipline, philosophy, or era. Each recommendation explains why the connection exists.

Similar Impact & Significance

Portrait of Plato

Plato

96

Philosopher · 428 BC – 348 BC

Plato was a Greek philosopher who founded the Academy in Athens, wrote the foundational dialogues of Western philosophy, and developed the influential theory of Forms.

  • Theory of Forms
  • The Academy

Why Augustine drew heavily on Platonic and Neoplatonic ideas of the soul, truth, and the eternal.

Portrait of Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas

91

Theologian · 1225 – 1274

Thomas Aquinas was a medieval Italian theologian and philosopher whose synthesis of Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy became central to Catholic thought and the high point of scholasticism.

  • Summa Theologica
  • Reconciling faith and reason

Why Aquinas treated Augustine as a foundational authority for medieval Christian theology.

Portrait of Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius

90

Emperor · 121 – 180

Marcus Aurelius was a Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher, the last of the "Five Good Emperors", whose private journal, the Meditations, is the most cherished work of Stoic thought.

  • The Meditations
  • Stoic philosophy

Why An earlier Roman thinker whose philosophical introspection contrasts with Augustine's Christian confession.

Hypatia

84

Mathematician · 360 – 415

Hypatia was a mathematician, astronomer and Neoplatonist philosopher of late-antique Alexandria, the most prominent woman scholar of the ancient world, whose brutal murder came to symbolize the end of classical learning.

  • Leading the Neoplatonist school of Alexandria
  • Mathematics and astronomy

Why A contemporary in the late antique world, representing the pagan philosophical learning Augustine engaged.

Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther

91

Theologian · 1483 – 1546

Martin Luther was a German theologian and reformer whose challenge to the Catholic Church sparked the Protestant Reformation and reshaped the religious, political and cultural landscape of Europe.

  • Ninety-Five Theses
  • The Protestant Reformation

Why Also a theologian & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Cicero

Cicero

88

Statesman · 106 BC – 43 BC

Cicero was a Roman statesman, orator and philosopher whose speeches and writings defined Latin prose, transmitted Greek philosophy to Rome, and championed the values of the Roman Republic.

  • Roman oratory
  • Defending the Republic

Why Also a philosopher & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon

82

Philosopher · 1561 – 1626

Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman and writer who served as Lord Chancellor and, in works such as the Novum Organum and his Essays, founded the modern scientific method of reasoning from evidence and experiment.

  • Scientific method
  • Novum Organum

Why Also a philosopher & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche

92

Philosopher · 1844 – 1900

Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher whose radical critiques of morality, religion, and truth—including the proclamation that "God is dead" and the ideal of the Übermensch—made him one of the most influential and provocative thinkers of the modern era.

  • "God is dead"
  • The Übermensch

Why Also a philosopher & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

88

Philosopher · 1770 – 1831

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and the leading figure of German idealism, whose dialectical method and grand vision of history as the self-development of Spirit profoundly shaped modern philosophy.

  • German idealism
  • The dialectic

Why Also a philosopher & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Hildegard of Bingen

Hildegard of Bingen

84

Composer · 1098 – 1179

Hildegard of Bingen was a German Benedictine abbess and one of the most remarkable polymaths of the Middle Ages — a visionary, composer, writer, healer and natural philosopher.

  • Visionary theology
  • Sacred music

Why Also a theologian & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

90

Philosopher · 1712 – 1778

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan-French philosopher, writer, and composer whose ideas on the social contract, the general will, and natural human goodness shaped modern political thought, education, and the Romantic movement.

  • The Social Contract
  • The general will

Why Also a philosopher & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill

87

Philosopher · 1806 – 1873

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher and economist, the leading liberal thinker of the nineteenth century, whose works on utilitarianism, liberty, and the rights of women shaped modern political and ethical thought.

  • On Liberty
  • Utilitarianism

Why Also a philosopher & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Karl Marx

Karl Marx

95

Philosopher · 1818 – 1883

Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary whose theories of historical materialism and class struggle, set out in The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, became among the most influential and contested ideas in modern history.

  • Historical materialism
  • The Communist Manifesto

Why Also a philosopher & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft

85

Writer · 1759 – 1797

Mary Wollstonecraft was an English Enlightenment writer and philosopher, a pioneer of feminist thought whose A Vindication of the Rights of Woman argued for the education and equality of women.

  • A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
  • Founding feminist philosophy

Why Also a writer & philosopher · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccolò Machiavelli

88

Philosopher · 1469 – 1527

Niccolò Machiavelli was a Renaissance Italian diplomat, political philosopher and writer whose treatise The Prince founded modern political science and gave his name to ruthless statecraft.

  • The Prince
  • Founding modern political science

Why Also a philosopher & writer · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Voltaire

Voltaire

90

Writer · 1694 – 1778

Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher and wit, a tireless champion of reason, free speech and religious tolerance and one of the most influential figures of his age.

  • Candide
  • Defending free speech and tolerance

Why Also a writer & philosopher · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Adam Smith

Adam Smith

90

Economist · 1723 – 1790

Adam Smith was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher and economist, the father of modern economics, whose work The Wealth of Nations laid the foundations of free-market thought.

  • The Wealth of Nations
  • The invisible hand

Why Also a philosopher · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Averroes

Averroes

87

Philosopher · 1126 – 1198

Averroes was a philosopher and polymath of Al-Andalus whose commentaries on Aristotle profoundly shaped medieval European philosophy and the relationship between reason and faith.

  • Commentaries on Aristotle
  • Defending reason and philosophy

Why Also a philosopher · Comparable historical impact

Portrait of Avicenna

Avicenna

90

Physician · 980 – 1037

Avicenna was a Persian polymath of the Islamic Golden Age, one of the greatest physicians and philosophers of the medieval world, whose Canon of Medicine was a standard text for six centuries.

  • The Canon of Medicine
  • The Book of Healing

Why Also a philosopher · Comparable historical impact

Same Field or Discipline

Portrait of Socrates

Socrates

95

Philosopher · 470 BC – 399 BC

Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher credited as a founder of Western philosophy, famous for the Socratic method of questioning and for his trial and execution in Athens.

  • Socratic method
  • The examined life

Why Also a philosopher · Shared school of thought

Portrait of Aldous Huxley

Aldous Huxley

80

Writer · 1894 – 1963

Aldous Huxley was an English writer and philosopher whose dystopian novel Brave New World became one of the most influential warnings of the 20th century, imagining a future enslaved not by terror but by pleasure and conditioning.

  • Brave New World
  • The Doors of Perception

Why Also a writer & philosopher

Portrait of Henry David Thoreau

Henry David Thoreau

80

Writer · 1817 – 1862

Henry David Thoreau was an American writer, naturalist and philosopher whose book Walden and essay "Civil Disobedience" became foundational texts of environmental thought and nonviolent resistance, influencing reformers around the world.

  • Walden
  • Civil Disobedience

Why Also a writer & philosopher

Portrait of Michel de Montaigne

Michel de Montaigne

80

Essayist · 1533 – 1592

Michel de Montaigne was a French Renaissance thinker and nobleman who invented the essay as a literary form, using candid self-examination to explore the human condition with unmatched honesty and wit.

  • The Essais
  • Inventing the essay

Why Also a philosopher & writer

Portrait of Erasmus

Erasmus

80

Humanist · 1466 – 1536

Erasmus was a Dutch humanist, scholar and writer, the leading intellectual of the Northern Renaissance, whose satire In Praise of Folly and pioneering edition of the Greek New Testament shaped both literature and the coming Reformation.

  • In Praise of Folly
  • Greek New Testament

Why Also a writer & theologian