Physicist · 1942 – 2018

Stephen Hawking

Showed theoretically that black holes emit radiation (Hawking radiation), advanced the understanding of the Big Bang and spacetime singularities, and brought cosmology to millions through his bestseller A Brief History of Time.

Scientific Breakthroughs

  • Predicted Hawking radiation emitted from black holes (1974).
  • Co-developed theorems on spacetime singularities with Roger Penrose.
  • Advanced models of the universe's origin and boundary conditions.

Major Works

  • A Brief History of Time (1988)
  • The Universe in a Nutshell (2001)

Impact Analysis

Hawking united quantum theory and gravity to reveal that black holes are not entirely black, reshaping cosmology while becoming a global symbol of the life of the mind.

Historical influence score: 87/100