Composers

Composer · 1756 – 1791

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer of the Classical era, a child prodigy who produced more than 600 works of extraordinary range and beauty and is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in history.

• The Magic Flute
• Requiem

Composer · 1685 – 1750

Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the Baroque era whose mastery of counterpoint and harmony — in works like the Brandenburg Concertos and the Mass in B minor — made him one of the greatest composers in Western history.

• Brandenburg Concertos
• Mass in B minor

Composer · 1770 – 1827

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist, one of the greatest musicians in history, who bridged the Classical and Romantic eras and composed masterpieces even after going deaf.

• The Ninth Symphony
• Für Elise

Philosopher · 1712 – 1778

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan-French philosopher, writer, and composer whose ideas on the social contract, the general will, and natural human goodness shaped modern political thought, education, and the Romantic movement.

• The Social Contract
• The general will

Composer · 1840 – 1893

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian Romantic composer whose richly emotional music — including the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker and the 1812 Overture — made him one of the most popular and widely performed composers in the world.

• Swan Lake
• The Nutcracker

Composer · 1810 – 1849

Frédéric Chopin was a Polish-French Romantic composer and virtuoso pianist whose deeply expressive works for solo piano — nocturnes, études, polonaises and mazurkas — made him one of the most influential composers for the instrument.

• Nocturnes
• Études

Composer · 1098 – 1179

Hildegard of Bingen was a German Benedictine abbess and one of the most remarkable polymaths of the Middle Ages — a visionary, composer, writer, healer and natural philosopher.

• Visionary theology
• Sacred music